A recent report by the Nuffield Trust has called for a “radical rethink” in the approach to services for individuals with autism and ADHD in England, highlighting the current strain on the NHS due to surging waiting lists for assessments and treatments. The think tank stressed the importance of a “whole-system approach” that includes education and society, in addition to the health service, to meet the increasing demand for these services.

The report identified a record high in the number of patients awaiting an autism assessment and raised concerns over the lack of national data on ADHD assessment waiting times and an increase in ADHD medication prescriptions. This suggests a gap in service provision, urging immediate action to cope with the escalating demand.

With at least one in 100 children in the UK being autistic, the importance of early diagnosis and intervention is emphasized, especially considering that signs of autism can be recognized as early as two years of age. However, the average age for diagnosis currently stands at eight years old. Parents are encouraged to look for early signs including repetitive activities, resistance to change, and difficulties in social interaction to ensure timely support.

The surge in demand is highlighted by a 400% increase in individuals waiting to see autism specialists and a 51% rise in ADHD medication prescriptions since 2019. The Nuffield Trust’s chief executive, Thea Stein, pointed out the systemic challenge presented by evolving societal understanding of neurodiversity. The situation is particularly acute for children, who often rely on school support post-diagnosis, with some facing assessment waiting times of up to two and a half years.

In response, the Department of Health and Social Care, along with NHS England, has recognized the need for action. Initiatives are underway to expedite autism assessments and improve ADHD care. A £13 million partnership aims to enhance specialist support for neurodiverse children in primary schools, as part of broader efforts to tackle the backlog and provide timely assistance to neurodivergent individuals.