A recent series of reports and developments have highlighted the complex relationship between artificial intelligence (AI), environmental monitoring technology, and the battle against climate change, illustrating both the potential benefits and risks associated with technological advancements in these areas.

Environmental groups have raised concerns that AI could undermine efforts to combat the climate crisis, contrary to claims by some tech giants that AI could help reduce emissions. A specific report suggests that AI’s increased energy demands could result in an 80% surge in planet-heating emissions, primarily due to the necessity for additional data centers to support complex AI operations. These operations can require significantly more computing power than traditional online activities, exacerbating energy use. Additionally, there are worries that AI could assist in spreading misinformation about climate science, potentially hindering progress in climate action.

Conversely, the launch of MethaneSAT, a satellite developed by the US Environmental Defense Fund in partnership with the New Zealand Space Agency, showcases the positive applications of technology in environmental efforts. The satellite, armed with high-resolution infrared sensors, is designed to detect methane emissions — a potent greenhouse gas — from the oil and gas sectors around the globe. Google will use AI algorithms to analyze the data collected, enabling precise localization of methane leaks and aiding efforts to hold responsible parties accountable. This initiative, costing $88 million, represents a significant step towards improved transparency and regulatory action in methane emission management.

However, the potential for generative AI to “supercharge” climate misinformation has been identified as a significant threat by the Climate Action Against Disinformation coalition. This technology could produce persuasive, false content about climate change, particularly during crucial election periods, thereby influencing public opinion and policy decisions detrimentally. The report also highlights the substantial water and energy consumption associated with AI, projecting a doubling of energy use within the next two years, which further compounds the environmental challenges posed by AI technologies.

These contrasting perspectives underscore the urgency for careful regulation and the implementation of safeguards to mitigate AI’s negative impacts on climate efforts, while also harnessing technology’s potential for positive environmental impact. It remains imperative for transparency regarding AI’s energy use and for measures to combat the spread of misinformation to be integrated into broader climate strategies and policies.